Data
Historical series of resource use and environmental impacts in Spain in a global perspective (1860–2020)
Annual integrated database combining different indicators on resource use and environmental impacts. It includes series on energy consumption (both traditional and modern sources), material flows, cultivated land, greenhouse gas emissions, water use, and nitrogen flows. The series are presented in absolute values, historical trends, per capita figures, and intensity relative to GDP (in 2011 dollars).
DATA | METHODOLOGY | ZENODO
Cite as: Infante-Amate, J., Iriarte-Goñi, I., Sanjuán-Ruiz, Á., Aguilera, E. (en proceso). The environmental footprint of Spain’s modern economic growth in a global perspective (1860–2020), contabilidad ambiental histórica de España.
Historical series of material flow accounting (Spain, 1860–2023)
Series on material flow accounting following Eurostat’s standardized methodology (2022). Annual series are presented for the whole country between 1860 and 2017. Four types of materials are distinguished (biomass, fossil fuels, metal ores, and construction materials). Information is provided on extraction, trade, and apparent consumption.
DATA | METHODOLOGY | ZENODO
Cite as: Infante-Amate, J., Vila, J., Aguilera, E., Sanjuán, Á., Oropesa, F., & de Molina, M. G. (2021). Las bases materiales del desarrollo económico en España (1860-2016). Un estudio desde el metabolismo social. Cuadernos económicos de ICE, (101), 185-213.
Historical series of greenhouse gas emissions (Spain, 1860–2020)
The main novelty of this series is that it provides original estimates (based on historical records and emission factors adjusted to the Spanish context) of emissions from agriculture, livestock, and other land uses (AFOLU), which until now were only available as modeled estimates with high uncertainty. Emissions are broken down into: CO₂ from fossil energy (coal, oil, and gas), CO₂ related to land-use change and soil carbon, methane and nitrous oxide from agriculture and livestock (AFOLU), methane and nitrous oxide from energy, and other emissions.
DATA | METHODOLOGY | ZENODO
Cite as: Infante-Amate, J., & Aguilera, E. (2024). Beyond fossil fuels: Considering land-based emissions reshapes the carbon intensity of modern economic growth (Spain, 1860–2017). Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, 57(4), 226-241.
Historical series of energy consumption (Spain, 1860–2020)
Annual series on energy use in Spain between 1860 and 2020. The main novelty of this series is that it includes estimates for traditional energy sources following the approach of the Energy History Project (see also Kander et al., 2013, Power to the People, Princeton University Press). This approach fully accounts for traditional energy sources such as biomass, which were the most relevant in past societies. The different energy flows are distinguished: food and fodder, firewood, hydropower and wind, coal, oil, gas, and electricity.
DATA | METHODOLOGY | ZENODO
Cite as: Muñoz-Delgado, B., Rubio-Varas, M. (2024) Transiciones energéticas en España. En I. Iriarte-Goñi, J. Infante-Amate (Coords.), Impactos ambientales del crecimiento económico en España: una perspectiva histórica (pp. 123-144). Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza.
Historical series of land distribution by major land-use categories (Spain, 1860–2021)
Annual series on cultivated land in Spain between 1860 and 2021. The main categories are included: fallow, fruits and nuts, cereals, industrial and other crops, olives, and vegetables and roots. The series makes it possible to analyze the evolution of cultivated land with categories analogous to those used by the Statistical Yearbook of the Ministry of Agriculture in the current Chapter 3 on General distribution of land by uses and management.
DATA | METHODOLOGY | ZENODO
Cite as: Infante-Amate, J., Aguilera, E., Vila, J., González de Molina, M. (2025). Serie histórica de cultivos agrícolas (España, 1860–2020), contabilidad ambiental histórica de España.
Historical series of crops (Spain, 1860–2020)
Series on material flow accounting following Eurostat’s standardized methodology (2022). Annual series are presented for the whole country between 1860 and 2017. Four types of materials are distinguished (biomass, fossil fuels, metal ores, and construction materials). Information is provided on extraction, trade, and apparent consumption.
DATA | METHODOLOGY | ZENODO
Cite as: Infante-Amate, J., & Aguilera, E. (2024). Beyond fossil fuels: Considering land-based emissions reshapes the carbon intensity of modern economic growth (Spain, 1860–2017). Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, 57(4), 226-241.